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Károly Ferenczy began studying art at the academy in Naples in 1885 and continued his training, after a short stay in Munich, at the Académie Julian in Paris under Tony Robert-Fleury and Adolphe William Bouguereau from 1887-89. There he made the acquaintance of the painters István Csók and Béla Iványi-Grünwald.
From 1889-1893 Ferenczy lived with his wife, the painter Olga Fialka, in Szentendre in northern Hungary, where he befriended Simon Hollósy and István Réti. He was a member, and later a teacher, at the artist's colony in Nagybánya (Baia Mare/Romania). Following a successful exhibition in Budapest in 1906, he was given a position at the pattern painting school in Budapest (predecessor of the college of fine arts), after which he only spent the summer months in Nagybánya. In 1907, Ferenczy became a founding member of the MIÉNK (Magyar Impresszionisták és Naturalisták Köre), or Hungarian Association of Impressionists and Naturalists. His work has been honoured with numerous prizes and he is considered the father of Hungarian Impressionism.